What is Civil Engineering??
Describe civil engineering:-
civil engineering, the
profession of designing and executing structural works that serve the general
public, such as dams, bridges, aqueducts, canals, highways, power plants, sewerage systems and other infrastructure.
The term was first used in the 18th century to distinguish
the newly recognized profession from military engineering,
until then preeminent
Ø Management and Construction
Engineering
This
type of Civil Engineering includes constructing structures and the management
of all tasks related to Construction engineering. This field has an increased
business risk than other fields as civil engineers take up huge contracts that
can give rewards and losses on the extreme end. The management of moving
materials from one place to another also comes under this field.
Ø Structural Engineering
This
type of Civil Engineering is related to analyzing and designing the structures
of physical infrastructures like bridges, overpasses, complex platforms for
railway lines, offshore structures like oil, gas fields in the sea, etc. In
analyzing and designing aspects of Structural Engineering, a civil engineer has to make
measurements and assumptions about the pressures and loads that the structures
will have in its lifetime, its future impacts and how it can be safe for
long-term use.
Ø Transportation Engineering
Transportation Engineering is concerned with
designing transportation systems that are efficient in functioning and
sustainable. The transportation system can be public or private. It includes
transportation structures for streets, air transportation, tunnels, overpasses,
railways, etc. It consists of fields like transportation planning, pavement
engineering and infrastructure management.
Ø Water Engineering
Water
engineering is about understanding how natural water bodies react to human
intervention. This can lead to the conservation of potable water which is
depleting rapidly. Nowadays, it is focused on the prevention of floods,
drought, and understanding the nature of coastal waters.
Ø Geotechnical Engineering
Amongst
the varied types of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering is concerned with
exploring the ground properties on which a construction project is to be made.
Checking the soil quality, the quality of the stones and will the construction
be able to hold the project safely. It is the job of a geotechnical engineer to
detect any vulnerabilities. After understanding all these aspects, a
Geotechnical Engineering assesses the feasibility of a project.
Ø Environmental Engineering
Environmental Engineering involves the nature
conservation and protection-related activities like green engineering,
pollution elimination, solid waste treatment, handling hazardous waste
materials, protection of densely populated areas, and natural resources
situated in densely populated areas, amongst others.
Ø Coastal Engineering
Ø History
The beginnings of civil
engineering as a separate discipline may
be seen in the foundation in France in 1716 of
the Bridge and Highway Corps, out of which in 1747 grew the (“National
School of Bridges and Highways”). Its teachers wrote books that became standard
works on the mechanics of materials, machines, and hydraulics, and leading
British engineers learned French to read them. As design and calculation
replaced rule of thumb and empirical formulas,
and as expert knowledge was codified and formulated, the nonmilitary engineer
moved to the front of the stage. Talented, if often self-taught, craftsmen,
stonemasons, millwrights, toolmakers, and instrument makers became civil
engineers.
Ø Civil engineering functions
The functions
of the civil engineer can be divided into three categories: those performed
before construction (feasibility studies, site investigations, and design),
those performed during construction (dealing with clients, consulting
engineers, and contractors), and those performed after construction
(maintenance and research).
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v Branches of civil
engineering
Ø Site investigations
A preliminary site investigation is part of the feasibility
study, but once a plan has been adopted a more extensive investigation is
usually imperative.
Ø Design
The design of
engineering works may require the application of design theory from many
fields—e.g., hydraulics, thermodynamics, or nuclear physics. Research in structural analysis and the technology of materials has
opened the way for more rational designs, new design concepts, and greater
economy of materials. Modern designers not only have advanced
theories and readily available design data, but structural designs can now be
rigorously analyzed by computer
Ø Construction
Almost all
civil engineering contracts include some element of construction work. The
development of steel and concrete as
building materials had the effect of placing design more in the hands of the
civil engineer than the architect. The engineer’s analysis of a building
problem, based on function and economics, determines the building’s structural
design.
Transportation
Roman roads
and bridges were products of military
engineering,
but the pavements of McAdam and
the bridges of perronet were the work of the civil engineer. e.g.,
traffic studies, design of systems for road, rail, and air, and construction
including pavements, embankments, bridges, and tunnels.
Ø Power
Civil engineers have always played an important part in
mining for coal and metals; the driving of tunnels is a task common to many
branches of civil engineering.
Ø Health
Drainage and
liquid-waste disposal are closely associated with antipollution measures and
the re-use of water. The urban development
of parts of water catchment areas can alter the nature of runoff, and the
training and regulation of rivers produce changes in the pattern of events,
resulting in floods and the need for flood prevention and control.
Ø
Maritime and hydraulic engineering
LOGO
For more visit
:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineering
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